[CFIInstrInserter] Use number of supported registers (NFC) (#71797)

This makes use of the more accurate register number introduced in PR
#70222 to avoid CFI calculations for unsupported registers.

This has basically no impact right now, but results in a 0.2% compile-time
improvement at O0 when applied on top of #70958.

The reason is that the extra registers that PR adds push the `BitVector`
out of the `SmallVector` space, which results in an outsized impact.
(This does make me wonder whether `BitVector` should accept an `N`
template parameter to allow using a larger `SmallVector`...)