[CVP] prevent propagating poison when substituting edge values into a phi (PR43802)

This phi simplification transform was added with:
D45448

However as shown in PR43802:
https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43802

...we must be careful not to propagate poison when we do the substitution.
There might be some more complicated analysis possible to retain the overflow flag,
but it should always be safe and easy to drop flags (we have similar behavior in
instcombine and other passes).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D69442