[mlir][AsmPrinter] Don't use string comparison when filtering list attributes

In .mlir modules with larges amounts of attributes, e.g. a function with a larger number of argument attributes, the string comparison filtering greatly affects compile time. This revision switches to using a SmallDenseSet in these situations, resulting in over a 10x speed up in some situations.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D97980