[libc++] Use named Lit features to flag back-deployment XFAILs

Instead of writing something like `XFAIL: use_system_cxx_lib && target=...`
to XFAIL back-deployment tests, introduce named Lit features like
`availability-shared_mutex-missing` to represent those. This makes the
XFAIL annotations leaner, and solves the problem of XFAIL comments
potentially getting out of sync. This would also make it easier for
another vendor to add their own annotations to the test suite by simply
changing how the feature is defined for their OS releases, instead
of having to modify hundreds of tests to add repetitive annotations.

This doesn't touch *all* annotations -- only annotations that were widely
duplicated are given named features (e.g. when filesystem or shared_mutex
were introduced). I still think it probably doesn't make sense to have a
named feature for every single fix we make to the dylib.

This is in essence a revert of 2659663e, but since then the test suite
has changed significantly. Back when I did 2659663e,...