[libclc] Use a response file when building on Windows (#89756)

We've recently seen the libclc llvm-link invocations become so long that
they exceed the character limits on certain platforms.

Using a 'response file' should solve this by offloading the list of
inputs into a separate file, and using special syntax to pass it to
llvm-link. Note that neither the response file nor syntax aren't
specific to Windows but we restrict it to that platform regardless. We
have the option of expanding it to other platforms in the future.