[clang-format] Add common attribute macros to Google style (#76239)

We have found that 199fc973 regresses
formatting of our codebases because we do not properly configure the
names of attribute macros.

`GUARDED_BY` and `ABSL_GUARDED_BY` are very commoon in Google codebases
so it is reasonable to include them by default to avoid the need for
extra configuration in every Google repository.