[libcxx] Simplify back-deployment testing

The needs of back-deployment testing currently require two different
ways of running the test suite: one based on the deployment target,
and one based on the target triple. Since the triple includes all the
information we need, it's better to have just one way of doing things.

Furthermore, `--param platform=XXX` is also supersedded by using the
target triple. Previously, this parameter would serve the purpose of
controling XFAILs for availability markup errors, however it is possible
to achieve the same thing by using with_system_cxx_lib only and using
.verify.cpp tests instead, as explained in the documentation changes.

The motivation for this change is twofold:
1. This part of the Lit config has always been really confusing and
   complicated, and it has been a source of bugs in the past. I have
   simplified it iteratively in the past, but the complexity is still
   there.
2. The deployment-target detection started failing in weird ways in
   recent Clangs, b...