[Support] Add support RTTI support for open class hierarchies.

This patch extracts the RTTI part of llvm::ErrorInfo into its own class
(RTTIExtends) so that it can be used in other non-error hierarchies, and makes
it compatible with the existing LLVM RTTI function templates (isa, cast,
dyn_cast, dyn_cast_or_null) by adding the classof method.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D39111