[LLDB] Add more helper functions to CompilerType class (second try). (#73472)

This adds 23 new helper functions to LLDB's CompilerType class, things
like IsSmartPtrType, IsPromotableIntegerType,
GetNumberofNonEmptyBaseClasses, and GetTemplateArgumentType (to name a
few).

It also has run clang-format on the files CompilerType.{h,cpp}.

These helper functions are needed as part of the implementation for the
Data Inspection Language, (see
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-data-inspection-language/69893).