Reland "[polly] Port polly tests to use NPM" (#92918)

Even as the NPM has been in use by Polly for a while now, the majority
of the tests continue using the LPM passes. This patch ports the tests
to use the NPM passes (for example, by replacing a flag such as
-polly-detect with -passes=polly-detect following the NPM syntax for
specifying passes) with some exceptions for some missing features in the
new passes.

Relanding #90632.