[ValueTracking] Directly use KnownBits shift functions

Make ValueTracking directly call the KnownBits shift helpers, which
provides more precise results.

Unfortunately, ValueTracking has a special case where sometimes we
determine non-zero shift amounts using isKnownNonZero(). I have my
doubts about the usefulness of that special-case (it is only tested
in a single unit test), but I've reproduced the special-case via an
extra parameter to the KnownBits methods.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D151816