[mlir][Interfaces][NFC] Move region loop detection to `RegionBranchOpInterface` (#77090)

`BufferPlacementTransformationBase::isLoop` checks if there a loop in
the region branching graph of an operation. This algorithm is similar to
`isRegionReachable` in the `RegionBranchOpInterface`. To avoid duplicate
code, `isRegionReachable` is generalized, so that it can be used to
detect region loops. A helper function
`RegionBranchOpInterface::hasLoop` is added.

This change also turns a recursive implementation into an iterative one,
which is the preferred implementation strategy in LLVM.

Also move the `isLoop` to `BufferOptimizations.cpp`, so that we can
gradually retire `BufferPlacementTransformationBase`. (This is so that
proper error handling can be added to `BufferViewFlowAnalysis`.)