[analyzer] Fix crash in BasicValueFactory.cpp with __int128_t integers (#67212)

This change avoids a crash in BasicValueFactory by checking the bit
width of an APSInt to avoid calling getZExtValue if greater than
64-bits. This was caught by our internal, randomized test generator.

Clang invocation
clang -cc1 -analyzer-checker=optin.portability.UnixAPI case.c

<src-root>/llvm/include/llvm/ADT/APInt.h:1488:
uint64_t llvm::APInt::getZExtValue() const: Assertion `getActiveBits()
<= 64
  && "Too many bits for uint64_t"' failed.
...

 #9 <address> llvm::APInt::getZExtValue() const
     <src-root>/llvm/include/llvm/ADT/APInt.h:1488:5
clang::BinaryOperatorKind, llvm::APSInt const&, llvm::APSInt const&)
<src-root>/clang/lib/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BasicValueFactory.cpp:307:37
     llvm::IntrusiveRefCntPtr<clang::ento::ProgramState const>,
clang::BinaryOperatorKind, clang::ento::NonLoc, clang::ento::NonLoc,
     clang::QualType)
<src-root>/clang/lib/StaticAnalyzer/Core/SimpleSValBuilder.cpp:531:31
     llvm::IntrusiveRefCntPtr<clang::ento::ProgramState const>,
     clang::BinaryOperatorKind, clang::ento::SVal, clang::ento::SVal,
     clang::QualType)
     <src-root>/clang/lib/StaticAnalyzer/Core/SValBuilder.cpp:532:26
...