[ELF] PROVIDE: fix spurious "symbol not found"

When archive member extraction involving ENTRY happens after
`addScriptReferencedSymbolsToSymTable`,
`addScriptReferencedSymbolsToSymTable` may fail to define some PROVIDE
symbols used by ENTRY. This is an edge case that regressed after #84512.
(The interaction with PROVIDE and ENTRY-in-archive was not considered
before).

While here, also ensure that --undefined-glob extracted object files
are parsed before `addScriptReferencedSymbolsToSymTable`.

Fixes: ebb326a5

Pull Request: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/87530