[clang-format] Improve QualifierAlignment

Qualifiers were not moved for non-pointer non-simple types.
Add additional support for many special cases such as templates,
requires clauses, long qualified names.

Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/57154 and
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/60898

Reviewed By: MyDeveloperDay, HazardyKnusperkeks

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D144709