Reland: [ELFAttributeParser] Skip unknown vendor subsections.

An .ARM.attributes section is divided into subsections, each labelled
with a vendor name. There is one standardised vendor name, which must
be used for all attributes that affect compatibility. Subsections
labelled with other vendor names can be used for optimisation
purposes, but it has to be safe for an object file consumer to ignore
them if it doesn't recognise the vendor name.

LLD currently terminates parsing of the whole attributes section as
soon as it encounters a subsection with a vendor name it doesn't
recognise (which is anything other than the standard one). This can
prevent it from detecting compatibility issues, if a standard
subsection followed the vendor-specific one.

This patch modifies the attribute parser so that unrecognised vendor
subsections are silently skipped, and the subsections beyond them are
still processed.

(Relanded with no change from the original commit 8f208edd. I
reverted it in 949bb7e4 due to widespread buildbot breakage,
failing to notice that 975f71fa had already fixed the failing
unit test. Also, the *revert* caused at least one buildbot to fail,
because I switched the affected lld test to making %t a directory, and
then the reverted version tried to treat it as a file without cleaning
the output directory first.)

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D153335