Support warn_unused_result on typedefs

While it's not as robust as using the attribute on enums/classes (the
type information may be lost through a function pointer, a declaration
or use of the underlying type without using the typedef, etc) but I
think there's still value in being able to attribute a typedef and have
all return types written with that typedef pick up the
warn_unused_result behavior.

Specifically I'd like to be able to annotate LLVMErrorRef (a wrapper for
llvm::Error used in the C API - the underlying type is a raw pointer, so
it can't be attributed itself) to reduce the chance of unhandled errors.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D102122