Add generic KCFI operand bundle lowering

The KCFI sanitizer emits "kcfi" operand bundles to indirect
call instructions, which the LLVM back-end lowers into an
architecture-specific type check with a known machine instruction
sequence. Currently, KCFI operand bundle lowering is supported only
on 64-bit X86 and AArch64 architectures.

As a lightweight forward-edge CFI implementation that doesn't
require LTO is also useful for non-Linux low-level targets on
other machine architectures, add a generic KCFI operand bundle
lowering pass that's only used when back-end lowering support is not
available and allows -fsanitize=kcfi to be enabled in Clang on all
architectures.

This relands commit eb2a57eb with
fixes.

Reviewed By: nickdesaulniers, MaskRay

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D135411