[C++20][Modules][2/8] Add enumerations for partition modules and stream them.

This is an initial enabling patch for module partition support.
We add enumerations for partition interfaces/implementations.

This means that the module kind enumeration now occupies three
bits, so the AST streamer is adjusted for this.  Adding one bit there
seems preferable to trying to overload the meanings of existing
kinds (and we will also want to add a C++20 header unit case later).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D114714