[libc++] Reject standard attributes which are extensions in libcpp-uglify-attributes

This adds a list of attributes which can be pretty to be able to reject attributes which were introduced in a later C++ standard.
Fixes #61196

Reviewed By: Mordante, #libc

Spies: mikhail.ramalho, jdoerfert, libcxx-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D145508