[BasicAA] Fix a bug with relational reasoning across iterations

Due to the recursion through phis basicaa does, the code needs to be extremely careful not to reason about equality between values which might represent distinct iterations. I'm generally skeptical of the correctness of the whole scheme, but this particular patch fixes one particular instance which is demonstrateable incorrect.

Interestingly, this appears to be the second attempted fix for the same issue. The former fix is incomplete and doesn't address the actual issue.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D92694