[JITLink][AArch32] Add dynamic lookup for relocation fixup infos (#71649)

Specifying relocation fixup constants with name and type facilitates
readability and compile-time checks. The `FixupInfo<EdgeKind>` facade
organizes the information into entries per relocation type and provides
uniform access across Arm and Thumb relocations. Since it uses template
specializations, it doesn't limit potential entries. We cannot access
the entries dynamically though, because `EdgeKind` must be given as a
compile-time constant.

With this patch we populate a static lookup table on-demand and use it
for dynamic access in opcode-checks.