[AsmWriter] Ensure getMnemonic doesn't return invalid pointers (#75783)

For instructions that don't map to a mnemonic string, the implementation
of MCInstPrinter::getMnemonic would return an invalid pointer due to the
result of the calculation of the instruction's position in the `AsmStrs`
table. This patch fixes the issue by ensuring those cases return a
`nullptr` value instead.

Fixes #74177.