[lldb][sbdebugger] Move SBDebugger Broadcast bit enum into lldb-enumerations.h (#87409)

When the `eBroadcastBitProgressCategory` bit was originally added to
Debugger.h and SBDebugger.h, each corresponding bit was added in order
of the other bits that were previously there. Since `Debugger.h` has an
enum bit that `SBDebugger.h` does not, this meant that their offsets did
not match.

Instead of trying to keep the bit offsets in sync between the two, it's
preferable to just move SBDebugger's enum into the main enumerations
header and use the bits from there. This also requires that API tests using the bits from SBDebugger update their usage.