[MISched][rework] Introduce and use ResourceSegments.

Re-landing the code that was reverted because of the buildbot failure
in https://lab.llvm.org/buildbot#builders/9/builds/27319.

Original commit message
======================

The class `ResourceSegments` is used to keep track of the intervals
that represent resource usage of a list of instructions that are
being scheduled by the machine scheduler.

The collection is made of intervals that are closed on the left and
open on the right (represented by the standard notation `[a, b)`).

These collections of intervals can be extended by `add`ing new
intervals accordingly while scheduling a basic block.

Unit tests are added to verify the possible configurations of
intervals, and the relative possibility of scheduling a new
instruction in these configurations. Specifically, the methods
`getFirstAvailableAtFromBottom` and `getFirstAvailableAtFromTop` are
tested to make sure that both bottom-up and top-down scheduling work
when tracking resource usage across ...