Reapply "[Clang][Sema] Fix crash when 'this' is used in a dependent class...

Reapply "[Clang][Sema] Fix crash when 'this' is used in a dependent class scope function template specialization that instantiates to a static member function (#87541)" (#88311)

Reapplies #87541 and addresses the bug which caused expressions naming
overload sets to be incorrectly rebuilt.