[runtimes] Introduce object libraries

This is a variant of D116689 rebased on top of the new (proposed) ABI
refactoring in D120727. It should conserve the basic properties of the
original patch by @phosek, except it also allows cleaning up the merging
of libc++abi into libc++ from the libc++ side.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D125393