Reapply "[compiler-rt][ctx_instr] Add `ctx_profile` component" (#89625)

This reverts commit 8b2ba6a1.

The uild errors (see below) were likely due to the same issue PR #88074 fixed. Addressed by following that PR.

https://lab.llvm.org/buildbot/#/builders/165/builds/52789
https://lab.llvm.org/buildbot/#/builders/91/builds/25273