[lld-macho] Add support for category names in ConcatInputSection's (#90850)

In some cases we see strings from categories being part of "data"
sections (Ex:`__objc_const`), not part of of sections marked as
`cstring_literals`. Since lld treats these sections differently we need
to explicitly implement support for reading strings from the
non-`cstring_literals` sections.

Adding a test that previously would result in an assert.