[MLIR][Mesh] Add sharding propagation pass (#69665)

Add a pass that propagates sharding information throughout the graph.
After this pass, each of the operations' operands and results is
annotated with a `mesh.shard` operation, and the operations themselves
are added with sharding option attributes.

The pass is driven by  a newly added `ShardingInterface`, and an implementation
for element-wise and matmul ops in the TOSA dialect is provided.