[clang-format] Correctly format loops and `if` statements even if preceded with comments.

Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/53758.

Braces in loops and in `if` statements with leading (block) comments were formatted according to `BraceWrapping.AfterFunction` and not `AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine`/`AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine`/`AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine`.

Previously, the code:
```
while (true) {
  f();
}
/*comment*/ while (true) {
  f();
}
```

was incorrectly formatted to:
```
while (true) {
  f();
}
/*comment*/ while (true) { f(); }
```

when using config:
```
BasedOnStyle: LLVM
BreakBeforeBraces: Custom
BraceWrapping:
  AfterFunction: false
AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: false
AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
```

and it was (correctly but by chance) formatted to:
```
while (true) {
  f();
}
/*comment*/ while (true) {
  f();
}
```

when using enabling brace wrapping after functions:
```
BasedOnStyle: LLVM
BreakBeforeBraces: Custom
BraceWrapping:
  AfterFunction: true
AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: false
AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
```

Reviewed By: MyDeveloperDay, HazardyKnusperkeks, owenpan

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D119649