[SPIR-V] Improve type inference, addrspacecast and dependencies between SPIR-V...

[SPIR-V] Improve type inference, addrspacecast and dependencies between SPIR-V entities and required capability/extensions (#94626)

This PR continues https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/94467 and
contains fixes in emission of type intrinsics, constant recording and
corresponding test cases:
* type-deduce-global-dup.ll -- fix of integer constant emission on
32-bit platforms and correct type deduction for globals
* type-deduce-simple-for.ll -- fix of GEP translation (there was an
issue previously that led to incorrect translation/broken logic of
for-range implementation)

This PR also:
* fixes a cast between identical storage classes and updates the test
case to include validation run by spirv-val,
* ensures that Bitcast for pointers satisfies the requirement that the
address spaces must match and adds the corresponding test case,
* improve encode in Tablegen and decode in code of dependencies between
SPIR-V entities and required capability/extensions,
* prevent emission of identical OpTypePointer instructions.