[lldb] Add SBProcess methods for get/set/use address masks (#83095)

I'm reviving a patch from phabracator, https://reviews.llvm.org/D155905
which was approved but I wasn't thrilled with all the API I was adding
to SBProcess for all of the address mask types / memory regions. In this
update, I added enums to control type address mask type (code, data,
any) and address space specifiers (low, high, all) with defaulted
arguments for the most common case.

This patch is also fixing a bug in the "addressable bits to address
mask" calculation I added in AddressableBits::SetProcessMasks. If lldb
were told that 64 bits are valid for addressing, this method would
overflow the calculation and set an invalid mask. Added tests to check
this specific bug while I was adding these APIs.

rdar://123530562