[JITLink][AArch32] Implement R_ARM_PREL31 and process .ARM.exidx sections (#79044)

`R_ARM_PREL31` is a 31-bits relative data relocation where the
most-significant bit is preserved. It's used primarily in `.ARM.exidx`
sections, which we skipped processing until now, because we didn't
support the relocation type. This was implemented in RuntimeDyld with
https://reviews.llvm.org/D25069 and I implemented it in a similar way in
JITLink in order to reach feature parity.