[FunctionAttrs] Improve handling of alias-preserving intrinsic calls (#68453)

Fixes #68270

The function attribute analysis handles many instructions, like
addrspacecast, which do not themselves read or write memory but which
transform pointers into other values in the same alias set.

There are intrinsic functions, such as ptrmask or the AMDGPU-specific
make.buffer.rsrc, which also preserve membership in alias sets without
capturing. This commit adds the addrspacecast-like behavior to these
calls.