[docs][passes] Update documentation of Analysis and Transform Passes (#80835)

- Added a warning about the pass list being incomplete (and hint about
"opt -print-passes" listing known passes).
- Removed legacy PM example involving "opt -analyze".
- print-function and print-module does not exist with those names in the
new PM. Since the document has been updated to reflect the new PM names
earlier, those names were changed into referring to function(print) and
module(print) instead.
- Resolved some FIXME:s around strip* passes.