[mlir][GPUToVulkan] Port conversion passes and `mlir-vulkan-runner` to opaque pointers

Part of https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-switching-the-llvm-dialect-and-dialect-lowerings-to-opaque-pointers/68179

This patch adds the new pass option 'use-opaque-pointers' to `-launch-func-to-vulkan` instructing the pass to emit LLVM opaque pointers instead of typed pointers.

Note that the pass as it was previously implemented relied on the fact LLVM pointers carried an element type. The passed used this information to deduce both the rank of a "lowered-to-llvm" MemRef as well as the element type. Since the element type when using LLVM opaque pointers is completely erased it is not possible to deduce the element type.

I therefore added a new attribute that is attached to the `vulkanLaunch` call alongside the binary blob and entry point name by the `-convert-gpu-launch-to-vulkan-launch` pass. It simply attaches a type array specifying the element types of each memref. This way the `-launch-func-to-vulkan` can simply ...