[mlir][irdl] Add `irdl.base` op (#76400)

The `irdl.base` op represent an attribute constraint that will check
that the
base of a type or attribute is the expected one (e.g. `IntegerType`) .

Example:

```mlir
irdl.dialect @cmath {
  irdl.type @complex {
    %0 = irdl.base "!builtin.integer"
    irdl.parameters(%0)
  }

  irdl.type @complex_wrapper {
    %0 = irdl.base @complex
    irdl.parameters(%0)
  }
}
```

The above program defines a `cmath.complex` type that expects a single
parameter, which is a type with base name `builtin.integer`, which is
the
name of an `IntegerType` type.
It also defines a `cmath.complex_wrapper` type that expects a single
parameter, which is a type of base type `cmath.complex`.