[Attributor] Bail early if AAMemoryLocation cannot derive anything

Before this change we looked through all memory operations in a function
even if the first was an unknown call that could do anything. This did
cost a lot of time but there is little use to do so. We also avoid
creating AAs for things that we would have looked at in case no other AA
will; that is the reason for the test changes.

Running only the attributor-cgscc pass on a IR version of
`llvm-test-suite/MultiSource/Applications/SPASS/clause.c` reduced the
time we spend in `AAMemoryLocation::update` from 4% total to
0.9% (disclaimer: no accurate measurements).