[sanitizer] Lift AsanDoesNotSupportStaticLinkage to sanitizer_common.h. NFC (#80948)

The `_DYNAMIC` reference from `AsanDoesNotSupportStaticLinkage` ensures
that `clang++ -fsanitize=address -static` gets a linker error.
`MemprofDoesNotSupportStaticLinkage` is similar for `-fmemory-profile`.
Move the functions to sanitizer_common.h to be used by more sanitizers
on ELF platforms.

Fuchsia does not use interposition and opts out the check (its
`AsanDoesNotSupportStaticLinkage` is a no-op).