[libc++] Use the no_destroy attribute to avoid destroying debug DB statics

Summary:
Otherwise, we can run into problems when the program has static variables
that need to use the debug database during their deinitialization, if
the debug DB has already been deinitialized.

Reviewers: EricWF

Subscribers: christof, jkorous, dexonsmith, libcxx-commits

Tags: #libc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D60830

llvm-svn: 358602