[mlir] use TypeSize and uint64_t in DataLayout (#72874)

Data layout queries may be issued for types whose size exceeds the range
of 32-bit integer as well as for types that don't have a size known at
compile time, such as scalable vectors. Use best practices from LLVM IR
and adopt `llvm::TypeSize` for size-related queries and `uint64_t` for
alignment-related queries.

See #72678.