[libcxx][format] Fix how we handle char traits in formatter<string> and formatter<string_view>

Right now we drop the char_traits template argument, which presumes that
string<_CharT, _Traits> and string<_CharT> are interchangeable.

Reviewed By: Mordante, #libc, Quuxplusone

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D112017