[compiler-rt] Allow 3 simultaneous interceptors on Linux

Rework Linux (and *BSD) interceptors to allow for up to 3 (2 for *BSD)
simultaneous interceptors. See code comments for details.

The main motivation is to support new sampling sanitizers (in the spirit
of GWP-ASan), that have to intercept few functions. Unfortunately, the
reality is that there are user interceptors that exist in the wild.

To support foreign user interceptors, foreign dynamic analysis
interceptors, and compiler-rt interceptors all at the same time,
including any combination of them, this change enables up to 3
interceptors on Linux (2 on *BSD).

Reviewed By: dvyukov, MaskRay, vitalybuka

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D151085