[libc][stdio] implement rename via SYS_renameat2 (#86140)

SYS_rename may be unavailable on architectures such as aarch64 and
riscv.
rename can be implemented in terms of SYS_rename, SYS_renameat, or
SYS_renameat2. I don't have a full picture of the history here, but it
seems
that SYS_renameat might also be unavailable on some platforms.

`man 2 rename` mentions that SYS_renameat2 was added in Linux 3.15. We
don't
need to support such ancient kernel versions prior.

Link: #84980
Link: #85068