[clang-tidy] Improve performance of misc-const-correctness (#72705)

Replaced certain AST matchers in ExprMutationAnalyzer with a more direct
utilization of AST classes. The primary bottleneck was identified in the
canResolveToExpr AST matcher. Since this matcher was employed multiple
times and used recursively, each invocation led to the constant creation
and destruction of other matchers within it. Additionally, the continual
comparison of DynTypedNode resulted in significant performance
degradation.

The optimization was tested on the TargetLowering.cpp file. Originally,
the check took 156 seconds on that file, but after implementing this
enhancement, it now takes approximately 40 seconds, making it nearly
four times faster.

Despite this improvement, there are still numerous issues in this file.
To further reduce the computational cost of this class, it is advisable
to consider removing the remaining matchers and exploring alternatives
such as leveraging RecursiveASTVisitor and increasing the direct use of
AST classes.

Closes #71786