[mlir] Add support for DIGlobalVariable and DIGlobalVariableExpression (#73367)

This PR introduces DIGlobalVariableAttr and
DIGlobalVariableExpressionAttr so that ModuleTranslation can emit the
required metadata needed for debug information about global variable.
The translator implementation for debug metadata needed to be refactored
in order to allow translation of nodes based on MDNode
(DIGlobalVariableExpressionAttr and DIExpression) in addition to
DINode-based nodes.

A DIGlobalVariableExpressionAttr can now be passed to the GlobalOp
operation directly and ModuleTranslation will create the respective
DIGlobalVariable and DIGlobalVariableExpression nodes. The compile unit
that DIGlobalVariable is expected to be configured with will be updated
with the created DIGlobalVariableExpression.