[mlir][IR] Add `notifyBlockRemoved` callback to listener (#78306)

There is already a "block inserted" notification (in
`OpBuilder::Listener`), so there should also be a "block removed"
notification.

The purpose of this change is to make the listener API more mature.
There is currently a gap between what kind of IR changes can be made and
what IR changes can be listened to. At the moment, the only way to
inform listeners about "block removal" is to send a manual
`notifyOperationModified` for the parent op (e.g., by wrapping the
`eraseBlock(b)` method call in `updateRootInPlace(b->getParentOp())`).
This tells the listener that *something* has changed, but it is somewhat
of an API abuse.