[Clang][AST] Fix a crash on attaching doc comments (#78716)

This crash is basically caused by calling
`ASTContext::getRawCommentForDeclNoCacheImp` with its input arguments
`RepresentativeLocForDecl` and `CommentsInTheFile` refering to different
files. A reduced reproducer is provided in this patch.

After the source locations for instantiations of funtion template are
corrected in the commit 256a0b29, the
variable `CommitsInThisFile` in the function
`ASTContext::attachCommentsToJustParsedDecls` would refer to the source
file rather than the header file for implicit function template
instantiation. Therefore, in the first loop in
`ASTContext::attachCommentsToJustParsedDecls`, `D` should also be
adjusted for relevant scenarios like the second loop.

Fixes #67979 
Fixes #68524
Fixes #70550