[mlir][Interfaces][NFC] `ValueBoundsConstraintSet`: Pass stop condition in the constructor (#86099)

This commit changes the API of `ValueBoundsConstraintSet`: the stop
condition is now passed to the constructor instead of `processWorklist`.
That makes it easier to add items to the worklist multiple times and
process them in a consistent manner. The current
`ValueBoundsConstraintSet` is passed as a reference to the stop
function, so that the stop function can be defined before the the
`ValueBoundsConstraintSet` is constructed.

This change is in preparation of adding support for branches.